Description
Function:
- The camshaft has lobes (raised sections) along its length. As the camshaft rotates, these lobes push on followers (also called rocker arms), which in turn open and close the intake and exhaust valves at precise moments in the engine cycle.
- By controlling the timing and duration of valve opening, the camshaft plays a significant role in:
- Engine performance: Optimizing the intake of air-fuel mixture and the exhaust of combustion gases for efficient power generation.
- Emissions: Ensuring proper combustion and minimizing harmful emissions by controlling exhaust gas flow.
- Fuel efficiency: Optimizing air intake and fuel delivery for efficient fuel burning.
Features:
- Material: Camshafts are typically made from cast iron or steel for durability and resistance to wear and tear.
- Location: In most BMW engines, the camshaft is located in the cylinder head, positioned above the valves.
- Drive mechanism: The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft through a timing belt or chain. The crank and camshaft rotate at different speeds, with the camshaft typically rotating at half the speed of the crankshaft.
- Types: There can be one or two camshafts in a BMW engine, depending on the model and engine configuration:
- Single overhead camshaft (SOHC): A single camshaft operates all the valves in the engine.
- Double overhead camshaft (DOHC): Two camshafts are used, with one controlling the intake valves and the other controlling the exhaust valves.
Importance:
The camshaft plays a vital role in ensuring the smooth and efficient operation of a BMW engine. Its precise control of valve timing is crucial for optimal performance, fuel economy, and emissions control.
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